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Downfall | |
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Directed by | Oliver Hirschbiegel |
Produced by | Bernd Eichinger |
Screenplay by | Bernd Eichinger |
Based on |
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Starring | |
Music by | Stephan Zacharias[1] |
Cinematography | Rainer Klausmann[1] |
Edited by | Hans Funck[1] |
Constantin Film[1] | |
Distributed by | Constantin Film (Germany, Austria) 01 Distribution(Italy) |
| |
155 minutes[2] | |
Country | Germany Italy Austria[3] |
Language | German[2] Russian |
Budget | €13.5 million[4] |
Box office | $92.2 million[5] |
Downfall (German: Der Untergang) is a 2004 historicalwardrama film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel from a screenplay by its producer, Bernd Eichinger. The film stars Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Corinna Harfouch, Ulrich Matthes, Juliane Köhler, Heino Ferch, Christian Berkel, Matthias Habich, and Thomas Kretschmann. It is set during the Battle of Berlin in World War II, when Nazi Germany is on the verge of defeat, and depicts the final days of Adolf Hitler (portrayed by Ganz).
'Downfall' explores these final days of the Reich, where senior German lead. Watch downfall 2004 online free on putlocker in high quality HD 1080p, HD 720p, Putlocker official site moved to putlocker9.es. Watch Downfall on 123movies: In April of 1945, Germany stands at the brink of defeat with the Soviet Armies closing in from the west and south. In Berlin, capital of the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler proclaims that Germany will still achieve victory and orders his Generals and advisers to fight to the last man. Downfall is a German language retelling of Adolf Hitler's final days seen mostly through the eyes of his devoted secretary, Traudl Junge. The majority of the film takes place within the Fuhrerbunker underneath the Reich Chancellory, where Hitler and his staff have taken refuge from the advancing.
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Principal photography took place from September to November 2003, on location in Berlin, Munich, and in Saint Petersburg, Russia. As the film is set in and around the Führerbunker, Hirschbiegel used eyewitness accounts, survivors' memoirs, and other historical sources during production to reconstruct the look and atmosphere of 1940s Berlin. The screenplay was also based on the books Inside Hitler's Bunker by historian Joachim Fest and Until the Final Hour by Hitler's former private secretary Traudl Junge, among other accounts of the period.
Watch Downfall Online For Free On Putlocker, Stream Downfall Online, Downfall Full Movies Free. Who is chosen to work beside Adolf Hitler, one of the most powerful and dangerous man on the world. In this film, she will tell about the Nazi dictator’s last days in his Berlin bunker at the end of World War ll. Putlocker - Watch Movies.
The film premiered at the Toronto Film Festival on 14 September 2004. It was, in part, controversial with audiences for showing the human side of Hitler and its portrayal of members of the Third Reich. It later received a wide theatrical release in Germany under its production company Constantin Film. The film grossed over $92 million, received favourable reviews from critics, and was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 77th Academy Awards. Scenes from the film, such as the one where a furious Hitler learns that the generals failed to obey his orders, spawned a series of Internet memes.
- 3Production
- 4Themes
- 5Release
- 6Reception
Plot[edit]
In November 1942, at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia, Leader of Nazi GermanyAdolf Hitler selects Traudl Junge as his personal secretary.
Three years later, the Red Army has pushed Germany's forces back and surrounded Berlin. On Hitler's 56th birthday, the Red Army begins shelling Berlin's city centre. Reichsführer-SSHeinrich Himmler tries to persuade Hitler to leave Berlin, but Hitler refuses. Himmler leaves to negotiate terms with the Western Allies in secret. Later, Himmler's adjutant Hermann Fegelein also attempts to persuade Hitler to flee, but Hitler insists that he will win or die in Berlin.
Dr. Ernst-Günther Schenck is ordered to leave Berlin per Operation Clausewitz, though he persuades an SS general to let him stay in Berlin to treat the injured. In the streets, Hitler Youthchild soldier Peter Kranz's father approaches Peter's unit and tries persuading him to leave. Peter, who destroyed two enemy tanks and will soon be awarded a medal by Hitler, calls his father a coward and runs away.
At a meeting in the Führerbunker, Hitler forbids the outnumbered 9th Army to retreat, instead ordering SS commander Felix Steiner's units to mount a counter-attack. The generals find the orders impossible and irrational. Above ground, Hitler awards Peter his medal, hailing Peter as braver than his generals. In his office, Hitler talks to Minister of Armaments Albert Speer about his scorched earth policy. Speer is concerned about the destruction of Germany's infrastructure, but Hitler believes the German people left behind are weak and thus deserve death. Meanwhile, Hitler's companion Eva Braun holds a party in the Reich Chancellery. Fegelein tries persuading Eva, his sister-in-law, to leave Berlin with Hitler, but she dismisses him. Artillery fire eventually breaks up the party.
On the battlefield, General Helmuth Weidling is informed he will be executed for allegedly ordering a retreat. Weidling comes to the Führerbunker to clear himself of his charges. His action impresses Hitler, who promotes him to oversee all of Berlin's defences. At another meeting, Hitler learns Steiner did not attack because his unit was too weak. Hitler becomes enraged at what he sees as an act of betrayal and launches into a furious tirade, stating that everyone has failed him and denouncing his generals as cowards and traitors, before finally acknowledging that the war is lost, but that he would rather commit suicide than leave Berlin.
Schenck witnesses civilians being executed by German military police as supposed traitors. Hitler receives a message from Luftwaffe chief Hermann Göring, requesting state leadership. Hitler declares Göring a traitor, ordering Göring's dismissal from all posts, arrest, and execution in the event of his death. Speer makes a final visit to the Führerbunker, and admits to Hitler that he has defied his orders to destroy Germany's infrastructure. Hitler, however, does not punish Speer, who decides to leave Berlin. Peter's unit is defeated and he runs back to his parents. Hitler imagines more ways for Germany to turn the tide. At dinner, Hitler learns of Himmler's secret negotiations and orders his execution and also finds out that Fegelein has deserted Berlin, having him executed despite Eva's pleas. SS physician Ernst-Robert Grawitz asks Hitler's permission to evacuate for fear of Allied reprisal. Hitler refuses, leading Grawitz to kill himself and his family.
The Soviets continue their advance, Berlin's supplies run low, and German morale plummets. Hitler hopes that the 12th Army, led by Walther Wenck, will save Berlin. After midnight, Hitler dictates his last will and testament to Junge, before marrying Eva. The following morning, Hitler learns that the 12th Army is stuck and cannot relieve Berlin. Refusing surrender, Hitler plans his death. He administers poison to his dog Blondi, bids farewell to the bunker staff, and commits suicide with Eva. The two are cremated in the Chancellery garden.
Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels assumes Chancellorship. General Hans Krebs fails to negotiate a conditional surrender with Soviet General Vasily Chuikov. Goebbels declares that Germany will not surrender as long as he is alive. Goebbels' wife Magda poisons her six children with cyanide, before committing suicide with Goebbels; Weidling announces unconditional surrender of German forces in Berlin afterwards. Many government and military officials commit suicide after learning of Germany's defeat. Peter discovers his parents were executed. Junge leaves the bunker and tries to flee the city; Peter joins her as she sneaks through a group of Soviet soldiers before the two find a bicycle and leave Berlin.
Cast[edit]
- Bruno Ganz as Adolf Hitler
- Alexandra Maria Lara as Traudl Junge
- Ulrich Matthes as Joseph Goebbels
- Corinna Harfouch as Magda Goebbels
- Juliane Köhler as Eva Braun
- Thomas Kretschmann as SS-GruppenführerHermann Fegelein
- Heino Ferch as OberbefehlsleiterAlbert Speer
- Christian Berkel as SS-Obersturmbannführer Dr. Ernst-Günther Schenck
- André Hennicke as SS-BrigadeführerWilhelm Mohnke
- Götz Otto as SS-SturmbannführerOtto Günsche
- Ulrich Noethen as Reichsführer-SSHeinrich Himmler
- Christian Redl as GeneraloberstAlfred Jodl
- Rolf Kanies as Chief of the Army General Staff General der InfanterieHans Krebs
- Michael Mendl as General der ArtillerieHelmuth Weidling
- Matthias Habich as SS-Obersturmbannführer Prof. Dr. Werner Haase
- Birgit Minichmayr as Gerda Christian
- Dietrich Hollinderbäumer as GeneralfeldmarschallRobert Ritter von Greim
- Dieter Mann as GeneralfeldmarschallWilhelm Keitel
- Justus von Dohnányi as General der InfanterieWilhelm Burgdorf
- Gerald Alexander Held as Walther Hewel
- Donevan Gunia as Peter Kranz
- Thomas Thieme as ReichsleiterMartin Bormann
- Thomas Limpinsel (de) as SS-ObersturmbannführerHeinz Linge
- Hans Steinberg as General der FliegerKarl Koller
- Heinrich Schmieder as SS-OberscharführerRochus Misch
- Thorsten Krohn as SS-Obersturmbannführer Dr. Ludwig Stumpfegger
- Jurgen Tonkel as SS-ObersturmbannführerErich Kempka
- Igor Romanov as SS-ObersturmbannführerPeter Högl
- Igor Bubenchikov as SS-ObersturmbannführerFranz Schädle
- Michael Brandner as Hans Fritzsche
- Christian Hoening as SS-ObergruppenführerErnst-Robert Grawitz
- Anna Thalbach as Hanna Reitsch
- Bettina Redlich as Constanze Manziarly
- Devid Striesow as FeldwebelFritz Tornow
- Elizaveta Boyarskaya as Erna Flegel
- Mathias Gnädinger as Luftwaffe commander-in-chief ReichsmarschallHermann Göring
- Alexander Slastin as Soviet Colonel generalVasily Chuikov
- Elena Dreyden as Inge Dombrowski
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Producer-screenwriter Bernd Eichinger wanted to make a film about Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party for 20 years but was, at first, discouraged after its enormity prevented him from doing so. After reading a publication about the book by historian Joachim Fest called Inside Hitler's Bunker: The Last Days of the Third Reich (2002), he became inspired by Fest's work for inclusion in the film.[6][7][8] Eichinger also based the film on the memoirs of Traudl Junge, one of Hitler's secretaries, called Until the Final Hour: Hitler's Last Secretary (2002);[9][10] he used the books Inside the Third Reich (1969), by Albert Speer,[11] one of the highest-ranking Nazi officials to survive both the war and the Nuremberg trials; Hitler's Last Days: An Eye-Witness Account (1973), by Gerhard Boldt;[12]Das Notlazarett unter der Reichskanzlei: Ein Arzt erlebt Hitlers Ende in Berlin (1995) by Ernst-Günther Schenck; and Soldat: Reflections of a German Soldier, 1936–1949 (1992) by Siegfried Knappe as references when writing the screenplay.[13]
After completing the script for the film, Eichinger presented it to director Oliver Hirschbiegel who hesitated at first because he 'reacted to the idea of Nazism as a taboo', as he was German. He eventually agreed to helm the project.[14][13]
Casting[edit]
Bruno Ganz studied the Hitler and Mannerheim recording for four months to prepare for his role[15]
When Bruno Ganz was offered the role of Hitler, he was reluctant to accept the part, and many of his friends advised against accepting it:[4][16]
“ | I had some doubts when I was first offered the part of Hitler in Downfall. I asked myself whether I really wanted to get involved in this ugly, terrible stuff. But it was also a temptation—the subject has a fascinating side—so I agreed. | ” |
— Bruno Ganz, The Guardian[15] |
In order to prepare for the role, Ganz conducted four months of research and studied a recording of Hitler in private conversation with Finnish Field Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim in order to properly mimic Hitler's conversational voice and Austrian dialect. Ganz also became convinced that Hitler had Parkinson's disease after seeing him in the newsreel Die Deutsche Wochenschau presenting medals to Hitler Youth, and had visited a hospital to observe patients with the disorder.[15] Ganz auditioned in the casting studio with makeup for half an hour and tested his voice for Hirschbiegel who was convinced by his performance.[4][17]
Alexandra Maria Lara was cast as Traudl Junge; she was given Junge's book Until the Final Hour (2002), which she called her 'personal treasure', to read during filming. Before she was cast, she had seen André Heller's documentary film Im toten Winkel which impressed her and influenced her perspective on Junge.[18][19]
Numerous actors were cast in the roles for members of the Nazi Party and the other people in the bunker; Juliane Köhler, Ulrich Noethen, Ulrich Matthes, Corinna Harfouch, Heino Ferch, and Michael Mendl were cast as Eva Braun, Heinrich Himmler, Joseph Goebbels, Magda Goebbels, Albert Speer, and Helmuth Weidling respectively.[1][20]
Filming and design[edit]
Filming took place near the Obvodny Canal in Saint Petersburg in a district slum to imitate the setting for Berlin
Principal photography lasted 12 weeks, in the period from September to November 2003, under the working titleSunset.[21][13] Since the film is set mostly in and around the Führerbunker, Hirschbiegel said he made an effort to accurately reconstruct the look and atmosphere of World War II through eyewitness accounts, survivors' memoirs, and other historical sources by filming in the cities of Berlin, Munich, and Saint Petersburg, Russia, where an industrial district slum along the Obvodny Canal was also used to portray the historical setting in Berlin.[21][22]
According to Lara, the atmosphere for the actors during filming was intense and became depressing. Her other colleagues briefly stopped during production to do other activities, such as play football, to brighten up their mood. Ganz kept a happy mood in between takes for his scenes.[19] Hirschbiegel also noted the shoot to be deeply depressing and said he had to find relief at home after filming by listening to Johann Sebastian Bach's music.[16] There was also tremendous interest for the film during filming which lead the Russian press to visit the set, making the producers uneasy and occasionally defensive. Yana Bezhanskay, director of Globus Film, Constantin's Russian partner, raised her voice to Russian journalists and said: 'This is an antifascist film and nowhere in it do you see Hitler praised.'[21]
The film was produced on a €13.5 million budget.[4] The bunker and Hitler's Wolf's Lair was constructed at Bavaria Studios in Munich by production designer Bernd Lepel.[17][1] One CGI scene of the Reichstag building as it would have appeared before the restoration was created. Hirschbiegel decided to limit the amount of CGI, props, and sets so as not to make the set design look like that of a theatre production.[17] He explained:
“ | The only CGI shot that's been used in the film was the one with the Reichstag because of course we could not reconstruct that—that's the only thing. I'm very proud of that, because if you do a war movie, you cannot do that and build sets. You feel the cardboard. You feel that it's all made to entertain, and it takes away from that horror that war basically means. | ” |
— Oliver Hirschbiegel, AboutFilm.com[17] |
Themes[edit]
The film explores Hitler's decisions and motives during his final days through the perspective of the people in the Führerbunker. The overlying idea, according to Eichinger, was to make a film about Hitler and war-time Germany that was very close to historical truth, as part of a theme that would allow the German nation to save their own history and 'experience their own trauma'.[23] Eichinger chose not to include mention of the Holocaust, because it was not the topic of the film. He also thought it was 'impossible' to show the 'misery' and 'desperation' of the concentration camps cinematically.[24][25] The addition of Peter Kranz, a fictional Hitler Youth boy who is awarded by Hitler for destroying two tanks and later escapes Berlin with Junge, was a symbolic representation of Germany's attempt to defend itself, leading up to its chance at rebirth.[26][27]
Hitler and the Nazi party[edit]
During production, Hirschbiegel came to the conclusion that Hitler often charmed people with his personality, saying that he was 'like a shell', attracting people with his self-pity, but inside the shell was only 'an enormous will for destruction'.[16] Many of the people in the film, including Traudl Junge, are shown to be enthusiastic in interacting with Hitler instead of feeling threatened or anxious by his presence and authority. Hirschbiegel said that the production team sought to give Hitler a three-dimensional personality, telling NBC: 'We know from all accounts that he was a very charming man – a man who managed to seduce a whole people into barbarism.'[28]
The film explores the suicides and deaths of the Nazi Party as opposed to the people who choose life. Hitler's provision of cyanide pills to those in the bunker and the Goebbels' murder of their children are shown as selfish deeds while people such as Schenck, who choose to help the injured and escape death, are shown as rational and generous.[27][29] In the DVD commentary, Hirschbiegel said that the events in the film were 'derived from the accounts, from descriptions of people' in the bunker.[30] The film also includes an introduction and closing with the real Junge in an interview from Im toten Winkel, where she admits feeling guilt for 'not recognizing this monster in time'.[29]
Release[edit]
Downfall premiered at the Toronto Film Festival on September 14, 2004.[12][31] The film, at first, failed to find a distributor, but was released by Constantin Film in Germany on September 16.[7][32] It premiered in the U.S. in Manhattan on February 18, 2005, under Newmarket Films.[33] On its broadcast in the UK, Channel 4 marketed it with the strapline: 'It's a happy ending. He dies.'[34]
Controversy[edit]
They just got it wrong. Bad people do not walk around with claws like vicious monsters, even though it might be comforting to think so. Everyone intelligent knows that evil comes along with a smiling face.[16]
— Hirschbiegel in 2015, on the criticism surrounding the portrayal of Hitler
Downfall was the subject of dispute by critics and audiences in Germany before and after its release, with many concerned of Hitler's role in the film as a human being with emotions in spite of his actions and ideologies.[35][32] The portrayal sparked debate in Germany due to publicity from commentators, film magazines, and newspapers.[28][36] The German tabloid Bild asked, 'Are we allowed to show the monster as a human being?' in their newspaper.[28] It was also criticized for its scenes with the members of the Nazi party, including the portrayal of officers such as Schenk.[24] The film was also seen as controversial because it was made by Germans instead of British or American filmmakers.[7]
Cristina Nord from Die Tageszeitung criticized the portrayal, and said that though it was important to make films about perpetrators, 'seeing Hitler cry' had not informed her on the last days of the Third Reich.[37] Some have supported the film: Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, director of Hitler: A Film from Germany, felt the time was right to 'paint a realistic portrait' of Hitler.[16] Eichinger replied to the response from the film by stating that the 'terrifying thing' about Hitler was that he was human and 'not an elephant or a monster from Mars'.[7] Ganz said that he was proud of the film; though he said people had accused him of 'humanizing' Hitler.[36]
Home media[edit]
The film was released on DVD in 2005 by Columbia-TriStar Home Entertainment.[38]Shout! Factory released a collector's edition Blu-ray in March 2018, with a 'making-of' featurette, cast and crew interviews, and audio commentary from director Oliver Hirschbiegel.[39]
Reception[edit]
Box office and awards[edit]
Downfall sold nearly half a million tickets in Germany for its opening weekend and attracted 4.5 million viewers in the first three months.[40][31] The final North American gross was $5,509,040. $86,671,870 was made with its foreign gross, and it became the fourth most popular film at the 2005 Norwegian box office.[5][41] The film made $93.6 million altogether.[13]
In 2005, Downfall was nominated for an Oscar at the 77th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.[42] It won the 2005 BBC Four World Cinema competition.[43] The film was also ranked number 48 in Empire magazine's 'The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema' in 2010.[44]
Critical response[edit]
The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 91 percent, with a weighted average of 7.99 out of 10 based on 139 reviews from critics. The website's 'Critics Consensus' describes it as 'an illuminating, thoughtful and detailed account of Hitler's last days'.[45] On Metacritic, the film received '[u]niversal acclaim' and was awarded its 'Must-See' badge, with a weighted average of 82 out of 100 based on 35 reviews.[46]
The film was debated by critics and audiences upon its release,[6][35][25] although Bruno Ganz's portrayal of Hitler was praised.[47][48][49] On the film's depiction of Hitler, David Denby for The New Yorker said that Ganz 'made the dictator into a plausible human being'.[50] Addressing other critics like Denby, Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert said the film did not provide an adequate portrayal of Hitler's actions, because he felt no film could, and that no response would be sufficient. Ebert said Hitler was, in reality, 'the focus for a spontaneous uprising by many of the German people, fuelled by racism, xenophobia, grandiosity and fear'.[51] Author Giles MacDonogh criticised the film for its sympathetic portrayals of the SS officers Wilhelm Mohnke, and Ernst-Günther Schenck, the former of which was accused of murdering a group of British prisoners of war in the Wormhoudt massacre.[N 1] MacDonogh also pointed out that Schenck's medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners using herbs in 1938 allegedly led to deaths among his subjects and among the slaves growing the herbs.[54] But at a discussion in London, Hirschbiegel said in response that he did his own research and did not find the allegations for Schenck convincing.[55]
Hermann Graml, history professor and former Luftwaffe helper, praised the film and said that he had not seen a film that was 'so insistent and tormentingly alive'. Graml said that Hitler's portrayal was presented correctly by showing Hitler's will 'to destroy, and his way of denying reality'.[56] Julia Radke of the German website Future Needs Remembrance praised the film's acting and called it well crafted and a solid Kammerspielfilm, though it could lose viewer interest due to a lack of concentration on the narrative perspective.[57] German author Jens Jessen said that the film 'could have been stupider' and called it a 'chamber play that could not be staged undramatically'. Jessen also said that it was not as spectacular as the pre-media coverage could have led one to believe, and it did not arouse the 'morbid fascination' the magazine Der Spiegel was looking for.[20]
Hitler biographer Sir Ian Kershaw wrote in The Guardian that the film had enormous emotive power, calling it a triumph and 'a marvelous historical drama'. Kershaw also said that he found it hard to imagine anyone would find Hitler to be a sympathetic figure in his final days.[32] Wim Wenders, in a review for the German newspaper Die Zeit, said the film was absent of a strong point of view for Hitler which made him harmless, and compared Downfall to Resident Evil: Apocalypse, stating that in Resident Evil the viewer would know which character was evil.[4][35]
Parodies[edit]
The scene in the film that depicts Hitler angry after his orders were not carried out became a viral video after numerous parodies were posted to the Internet.
Downfall is well known for its rise in popularity due to Internet parodies called 'Hitler Rants', which use scenes in the film such as where Hitler becomes angry after realizing the war is lost, where Hitler orders Otto Günsche to find SS-GruppenführerHermann Fegelein, and Hitler discusses a counterattack against advancing Soviet forces with his generals. In the videos the original German audio is retained, but new subtitles are added so that Hitler and his subordinates seem to be reacting to an issue of setback in present-day politics, sports, entertainment, popular culture, or everyday life.[58][59][60][61] By 2010, there were thousands of parodies.[62] Various YouTubers make Downfall reaction videos and some have cited their reasons for making them.[63][60]
Hirschbiegel spoke positively about these parodies in a 2010 interview with New York magazine, saying that many of them were funny and a fitting extension of the film's purpose:
“ | The point of the film was to kick these terrible people off the throne that made them demons [..] I think it's only fair if now it's taken as part of our history, and used for whatever purposes people like. | ” |
— Oliver Hirschbiegel, New York[64] |
Nevertheless, Constantin Film has asked video sites before to remove many of them.[65] The producers initiated a removal of parody videos from YouTube in 2010.[66] This prompted more posting of parody videos of Hitler complaining that the parodies were being taken down, and a resurgence of the videos on the site.[63]
See also[edit]
- The Bunker - 1981, English language TV movie that broadly depicts the same events starring Anthony Hopkins as Hitler
References[edit]
Notes
- ^Mohnke was rumoured, but never proven, to have ordered the execution near Dunkirk in 1940.[52] He strongly denied the accusations against him, and told historian Thomas Fischer that he never issued any orders to take or execute English prisoners.[53]
Citations
- ^ abcdefElley, Derek (16 September 2004). 'Downfall'. Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
- ^ ab'DOWNFALL (15)'. British Board of Film Classification. 24 December 2004. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ^'Downfall (2004)'. British Film Institute. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
- ^ abcde'Eichinger-Film 'Der Untergang': Bruno Ganz spielt späten Hitler'. Spiegel Online (in German). 16 April 2003. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ ab'DOWNFALL'. Box Office Mojo.
- ^ abEngelen, Leen; Winkel, Roel Vande (2007). 'Hitler's Downfall, a film from Germany (Der Untergang, 2004)'. Perspectives on European Film and History. Academia Press. ISBN9789038210827.
- ^ abcdSummers, Sue (20 March 2005). 'Now the Germans have their say'. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^Landler, Mark (15 September 2004). 'The All-Too-Human Hitler, on Your Big Screen'. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^Denby, David (14 February 2005). 'Back in the Bunker'. The New Yorker. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^Machtans, Karolin; Ruehl, Martin A. (30 November 2012). Hitler - Films from Germany: History, Cinema and Politics since 1945. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN9781137032386.
- ^Oren, Michael B. (4 July 2005). 'Pass the Fault'. The New Republic. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^ abBathrik, David (1 November 2007). 'Whose Hi/story Is It? The U.S. Reception of Downfall'. New German Critique. Duke University Press. 34 (3): 1–16. doi:10.1215/0094033X-2007-008. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^ abcdNiemi, Robert (2018). 100 Great War Movies: The Real History Behind the Films. ABC-CLIO. ISBN9781440833861.
- ^Trapani, Salvatore (5 February 2005). 'The Downfall - Interview: Oliver Hirschbiegel • Director'. Cineuropa. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ^ abcDiver, Krysia; Moss, Stephen (25 March 2003). 'Desperately seeking Adolf'. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
- ^ abcdeJohnston, Sheila (30 April 2015). 'The dangers of portraying Hitler'. The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ abcdCavagna, Carlo. 'Interviews: DOWNFALL'. AboutFilm.Com. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^Bonke, Johannes (17 September 2004). 'Alexandra Maria Lara über ihr Gefühls-Chaos' (in German). Filmreporter.de. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ abSarkar, David (25 August 2004). 'Das Böse kann niemals eindimensional sein' (in German). Planet Interview. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ abJessen, Jens (26 August 2004). 'Stilles Ende eines Irren unter Tage'. Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ abcVaroli, John (7 October 2003). 'A War-Torn Berlin Reborn in Russia'. The New York Times. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
- ^Meza, Ed (12 August 2003). 'Hitler pic lands in Russia'. Variety. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
- ^Mazierska, Ewa (12 July 2011). European Cinema and Intertextuality: History, Memory and Politics. Springer. ISBN9780230319547.
- ^ ab'Controversial Hitler Film Opens Across Germany'. Deutsche Welle. 17 September 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ abBorcholte, Andreas (15 September 2004). ''Der Untergang': Die unerzählbare Geschichte'. Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^Fisher, Jaimey; Prager, Brad (2010). The Collapse of the Conventional: German Film and Its Politics at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century. Wayne State University Press. ISBN9780814333778.
- ^ abEngelen, Leen; Winkel, Roel Vande (2007). Perspectives on European Film and History. Academia Press. ISBN9789038210827.
- ^ abcEckardt, Andy (16 September 2004). 'Film showing Hitler's soft side stirs controversy'. NBC News. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ abBangert, Axel (2014). The Nazi Past in Contemporary German Film: Viewing Experiences of Intimacy and Immersion. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN9781571139054.
- ^Fuchs, Cynthia (3 August 2005). 'Downfall (2004)'. PopMatters. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ abBendix, John (Spring 2007). 'Facing Hitler: German Responses to 'Downfall''. German Politics and Society. 25 (1 (82)): 70–89. JSTOR23742889.
- ^ abcKershaw, Ian (17 September 2004). 'The human Hitler'. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
- ^Scott, A. O. (18 February 2005). 'The Last Days of Hitler: Raving and Ravioli'. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^'Hitler: The Lost Files'. The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
- ^ abc'A film depicting Adolf Hitler's human side is attracting crowds and stirring debate in Germany'. Columbia University. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ ab'My Hitler part in 'Downfall''. The Irish Times. 26 March 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^Furlong, Ray (16 September 2004). ''Human' Hitler disturbs Germans'. BBC. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^Atanasov, Svet (8 August 2005). 'Downfall'. DVD Talk. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^'Downfall Collector's Edition Blu-ray Detailed'. Blu-ray.com. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^'German film on Hitler's demise a box office hit'. The Irish Times. 20 September 2004. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^Pham, Annika (31 March 2005). 'Downfall climbs local box office'. Cineuropa. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^'Hitler Film Wins Oscar Nomination'. DW. 26 January 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^'Downfall wins BBC world film gong'. BBC. 26 January 2006. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
- ^'The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema – 48. Downfall'. Empire.
- ^'Downfall (Der Untergang) (2004)'. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^'Downfall Reviews'. Metacritic. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
- ^Bradshaw, Peter (1 April 2005). 'Downfall Review'. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^Newman, Kim (10 May 2017). 'Downfall Review'. Empire. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^Smithey, Cole (9 May 2005). 'German Filmmakers do Justice to the Fall of Hitler's Empire'. Smart New Media.
- ^Denby, David (14 February 2005). 'David Denby's comments on Der Untergang'. The New Yorker. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- ^Ebert, Roger (11 March 2005). 'Downfall'. Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^Weale, Adrian (2012). Army of Evil: A History of the SS. New York; Toronto: NAL Caliber (Penguin Group). ISBN978-0-451-23791-0.
- ^Fischer, Thomas. Soldiers of the Leibstandarte, J. J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc. 2008, p 26.
- ^Eberle, Henrik, MacDonogh, Giles and Uhl, Matthias. The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin, New York: PublicAffairs, 2005, p 370. ISBN1-58648-366-8
- ^Higgins, Charlotte (5 April 2005). 'Bunker film 'is too kind to Nazis''. The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^''Der Untergang': Faktisch genau, dramaturgisch lau'. Der Spiegel (in German). 16 August 2004. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^Radke, Julia (1 November 2004). 'Hirschbiegel: Der Untergang. Filmrezension'. Future Needs Rememberence (in German). Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^'The rise, rise and rise of the Downfall Hitler parody'. BBC News. 13 April 2010.
- ^'Internetting: a user's guide #18 - How downfall gained cult status'. The Guardian. London. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ^ ab'Kobra - Del 2 av 12: Hitlerhumor' (in Swedish). SVT Play. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^Brady, Tara (31 July 2015). 'Oliver Hirschbiegel: from Hitler to Princess Diana and back again'. The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
- ^Boutin, Paul (25 February 2010). 'Video Mad Libs With the Right Software'. The New York Times. pp. B10. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
In various home-subtitled remakes over the last few years, Hitler explodes when told that the McMansion he was trying to flip is in foreclosure, that the band Oasis has split up, that the Colts lost the Super Bowl or that people keep making more 'Downfall' parodies.
- ^ abEvangelista, Benny (23 July 2010). 'Parody, copyright law clash in online clips'. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ^Rosenblum, Emma (15 January 2010). 'The Director of Downfall Speaks Out on All Those Angry YouTube Hitlers'. New York. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
- ^Finlo Rohrer (13 April 2010). 'The rise, rise and rise of the Downfall Hitler parody'. BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
- ^Finlo Rohrer (21 April 2010). 'Downfall filmmakers want YouTube to take down Hitler spoofs'. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
Further reading[edit]
- Bischof, Willi, ed. (2005). Filmri:ss; Studien über den Film 'Der Untergang'. Münster: Unrast Verlag. ISBN978-3-89771-435-9. (studies about the Film)
- Fest, Joachim (2004). Inside Hitler's Bunker : The Last Days of the Third Reich. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. ISBN978-0-374-13577-5.
- Fischer, Thomas (2008). Soldiers of the Leibstandarte. J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc. ISBN978-0-921991-91-5.
- Junge, Traudl; Müller, Melissa; Bell, Anthea (2004). Until the Final Hour: Hitler's Last Secretary. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN978-1-55970-728-2.
- O'Donnell, James P (2001) [1978]. The Bunker: The History of the Reich Chancellery Group, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN978-0-395-25719-7.
- Vande Winkel, Roel (2007). 'Hitler's Downfall, a film from Germany (Der Untergang, 2004)'. In Engelen, Leen; Vande Winkel, Roel (eds.). Perspectives on European Film and History. Gent: Academia Press. pp. 182–219. ISBN978-90-382-1082-7. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
- Richardson, Jay. 'Interview with director Oliver Hirschbiegel'. Future Movies.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Downfall (film). |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Downfall (2004 film) |
Downfall Free
- Der Untergang (Downfall) on IMDb
- Der Untergang (Downfall) at AllMovie
- Germania - Vision and Crime - exhibition by Berliner Unterwelten. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015.
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Downfall Movie Full
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Look up downfall in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Downfall may refer to:
- 3Music
Books[edit]
- Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, a 1999 book by Richard B. Frank about the last days of World War II
- The Downfall (novel), 1892 book by Émile Zola
- Downfall, a Dragonlance novel by Jean Rabe
- Downfall, 8th novel in the Bionicle Legends series
- Downfall (book), a 2011 book about the political career of Tommy Sheridan
Film and television[edit]
- The Downfall (film) (Kataforos), Greek film
- Downfall (2004 film) (Der Untergang), 2004 German film about the last days of Nazi Germany
- Downfall (1997 film), a 1997 Korean film starring Shin Eun-gyeong
- Downfall (1923 film), a 1923 German silent film
- Downfall (game show), an American game show, hosted by Chris Jericho
- Dead Space: Downfall, a 2008 animated science fiction film
Music[edit]
- Downfall (band), a Californian punk rock band
Albums[edit]
- My Downfall (Original Soundtrack), a 2007 album by breakcore artist Venetian Snares
- Downfall (Solitude Aeturnus album), 1996
- Downfall (The Gathering album), 2001
- 'Downfall', an EP by From Ashes to New
Songs[edit]
- 'Downfall' (Children of Bodom song), 1998
- 'Downfall' (Matchbox Twenty song), 2004
- 'Downfall' (Trust Company song), 2002
- 'Downfall', a single by Architects from their 2016 album All Our Gods Have Abandoned Us
- 'The Downfall', a song from Two Feet Stand by Gardenian
Other[edit]
- Operation Downfall, the Allied plan for the invasion of Japan at the end of World War II
- Downfall (game), a two-player strategy game from Milton Bradley Company
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Downfall&oldid=855008482#Film_and_television'